A Brief History of the KGB and Its Origins

If you grafted the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), added a few hefty tablespoons of paranoia and repression, and translated the whole megillah into Russian, you might wind up with something like the KGB. The Soviet Unions main internal and external security agency from 1954 until the breakup of the U.S.S.R. in 1991, the KGB wasnt created from scratch, but rather inherited much of its techniques, personnel, and political orientation from the greatly feared agencies that preceded it. Before the KGB: The Cheka, the OGPU  and the NKVD In the aftermath of the October Revolution of 1917, Vladimir Lenin, the head of the newly formed U.S.S.R., needed a way to keep the population (and his fellow revolutionaries) in check. His answer was to create the Cheka, an abbreviation of The All-Russian Emergency Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage. During the Russian Civil War of 1918-1920, the Cheka — led by the one-time Polish aristocrat Felix — arrested, tortured, and executed thousands of citizens. In the course of this Red Terror, the Cheka perfected the system of summary execution used by subsequent Russian intelligence agencies: a single shot to the back of the victims neck, preferably in a dark dungeon. In 1923, the Cheka, still under Dzerzhinsky, mutated into the OGPU (the Joint State Political Directorate Under the  Council of Peoples Commissars  of the U.S.S.R. — Russians have never been good at catchy names). The OGPU operated during a relatively uneventful period in Soviet history (no massive purges, no internal deportations of millions of ethnic minorities), but this agency did preside over the creation of the first Soviet gulags. The OGPU also viciously persecuted religious organizations (including the Russian Orthodox Church) in addition to its usual duties of rooting out dissenters and saboteurs. Unusually for a director of a Soviet intelligence agency, Felix Dzerzhinsky died of natural causes, dropping dead of a heart attack after denouncing leftists to the Central Committee. Unlike these earlier agencies, the NKVD (The Peoples Commissariat for Internal Affairs) was purely the brainchild of Joseph Stalin. The NKVD was chartered around the same time Stalin orchestrated the murder of Sergei Kirov, an event he used as an excuse to purge the upper ranks of the Communist Party and strike terror into the populace. In the 12  years of its existence, from 1934 to 1946, the NKVD arrested and executed literally millions of people, stocked the gulags with millions more miserable souls, and relocated entire ethnic populations within the vast expanse of the U.S.S.R. Being an NKVD head was a dangerous occupation: Genrikh Yagoda was arrested and executed in 1938, Nikolai Yezhov in 1940, and Lavrenty Beria in 1953 (during the power struggle that followed the death of Stalin). The Ascension  of the KGB After the end of World War II  and before his execution, Lavrenty Beria presided over the Soviet security apparatus, which remained in a somewhat fluid state of multiple acronyms and organizational structures. Most of the time, this body was known as the MGB (The Ministry for State Security), sometimes as the NKGB (The Peoples Commissariat for State Security), and once, during the war, as the vaguely comical-sounding SMERSH (short for the Russian phrase smert shpionom, or death to spies). Only after the death of Stalin did the KGB, or Commissariat for State Security, formally come into being. Despite its fearsome reputation in the west, the KGB was actually more effective in policing the U.S.S.R. and its eastern European satellite states than in fomenting revolution in western Europe or stealing military secrets from the U.S. (The golden age of Russian espionage was in the years immediately following World War II, before the formation of the KGB, when the U.S.S.R. subverted western scientists in order to advance its own development of nuclear weapons.) The major foreign accomplishments of the KGB included suppressing the Hungarian Revolution in 1956 and the Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia in 1968, as well as installing a Communist government in Afghanistan in the late 1970s; however, the agencys luck ran out in early 1980s Poland, where the anti-Communist Solidarity movement emerged victoriously. All during this time, of course, the CIA and the KGB engaged in an elaborate international dance (often in third-world countries like Angola and Nicaragua),  involving agents, double agents, propaganda, disinformation, under-the-table arms sales, interference with elections, and nighttime exchanges of suitcases filled with rubles or hundred-dollar bills. The exact details of what transpired, and where, may never come to light; many of the agents and controllers from both sides are dead, and the current Russian government has not been forthcoming in declassifying the KGB archives. Inside the U.S.S.R., the attitude of the KGB toward suppressing dissent was largely dictated by government policy. During the reign of Nikita Khrushchev, from 1954 to 1964, a certain amount of openness was tolerated, as witnessed in the publication of Alexander Solzhenitsyns Gulag-era memoir One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (an event that would have been unthinkable under the Stalin regime). The pendulum swung the other way with the ascension of Leonid Brezhnev in 1964, and, especially, the appointment of Yuri Andropov as the head of the KGB in 1967. Andropovs KGB hounded Solzhenitsyn out of the U.S.S.R. in 1974, turned the screws on the dissident scientist Andrei Sakharov, and generally made life miserable for any prominent figure even slightly dissatisfied with Soviet power. The Death (And Resurrection?) of the KGB In the late 1980s, the U.S.S.R. began to fall apart at the seams, with rampant inflation, shortages of factory goods, and agitation by ethnic minorities. Premier Mikhail Gorbachev had already implemented perestroika (a restructuring of the economy and political structure of the Soviet Union) and glasnost (a policy of openness toward dissidents), but while this placated some of the population, it enraged hard-line Soviet bureaucrats who had grown accustomed to their privileges. As might have been predicted, the KGB was at the forefront of the counter-revolution. In late 1990,  then-KGB head Vladimir Kryuchkov recruited high-ranking members of the Soviet elite into a  tight-knit conspiratorial cell, which sprang into action the following  August after failing to convince Gorbachev to either resign in favor of its preferred candidate or declare a state of emergency. Armed combatants, some of them in tanks, stormed the Russian parliament building in Moscow, but Soviet President Boris Yeltsin held firm and the coup quickly fizzled out. Four months later, the U.S.S.R. officially disbanded, granting autonomy to the Soviet Socialist Republics along its western and southern borders and dissolving the KGB. However, institutions like the KGB never really go away; they just assume different guises. Today, Russia is dominated by two security agencies, the FSB (The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation) and the SVR (The Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation), which broadly correspond to the FBI and the CIA, respectively. More worrisome, though, is the fact that Russian President Vladimir Putin spent 15 years in the KGB, from 1975 to 1990, and his increasingly autocratic rule shows that he has taken to heart the lessons he learned there. Its unlikely that Russia will ever again see a security agency as vicious as the NKVD, but a return to the darkest days of the KGB is clearly not out of the question.

Essay on Jeremy Bentham Influence on Future - 1290 Words

Essay on Jeremy Bentham’s influence Jeremy Bentham was born in 1748 in London, England. He was a utilitarianist, which is the idea that the right judgment is the judgment that brings the most happiness. Also an Atheist, Bentham was seen as the person who popularized utilitarianism. Bentham believed we could quantify or measure pleasure. He helped found the London College, in which his body was embalmed and used as a reminder of himself, and wrote many books on utilitarianism and found the best way to influence a decision was through pamphleteering. He died in 1832 in England. Even though he died, Jeremy Bentham left a legacy behind him. His ideas are still relevant many years after his death. Jeremy Bentham’s ideas changed the political†¦show more content†¦He also believed, â€Å"No power of government ought to be employed in the endeavor to establish any system or article of belief on the subject of religion.† (Duignan, 200) Bentham strongly believed in the separation of church and state and he tried to stop the government to be too Christian related. Bentham revolutionized prisons and made them both more affective and hospitable. Bentham designed a type of prison watch tower called the panopticon. The panopticon design allowed observers in an institution to keep an eye on the inmates without the inmates knowing. (Warburton, 124) The English parliament promised to construct the panopticon, but they didn’t. Despite this fact, other prisons around the world used his design like the Kilmainham Gaul in Dublin. (Jeremy Bentham life, Paragraph 11) By not having the inmates know if they were being watched or not, it would make the inmates behave better. If the inmates behaved better, then the prison would be more effective in enforcing proper behavior. Jeremy Bentham believed, â€Å"All punishment in itself is evil, and it should only be used to diminish greater evil.† (Living philosophy, paragraph 3) He attacked criminal laws viciously due to his belief that the prisons were too harsh. Bentham had a campaign for penal ref orm, which included making prisons more hospitable. (Strangroom, 95). Bentham recognized that prisons were necessary and decided to make them as less harsh as possible so they do not inflict pain. He againShow MoreRelatedCharles Dickens Utilitarianism Analysis996 Words   |  4 Pagesworld’s development of philosophy. Its originality can be traced back to ancient Greece Democritus and Epicurean Hedonism theory. Jeremy Bentham is considered to be the founder of the utilitarianism theory during the latter half through 18th century in England. Based on the theory of utilitarianism proposed by Jeremy Bentham, the proposal expounds destructive influence of utilitarianism on humanity shown by Charles Dickens Hard Time. The proposal falls into two major parts - The introduction of BenthamsRead MoreTheories Of The Age Of Enlightenment1026 Words   |  5 Pageswith the guarantee that they will be protected from others who violate such rules† (Tibbetts Hemmens, 2015). This new enlightened way of thinking influenced others to reconstruct the ways we handled criminals and their offences against society. Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria, two of the most influential people during this time, are largely responsible for our modern day criminal justice system. Enlightenment philosophers established the foundation for the Classical School of Criminology by introducingRead MoreIntroduction The purpose of this paper is to examine an ethical dilemma faced by a company who1600 Words   |  7 Pagesmoral implications this company has in continuing further manufacturing for their pacemaker client. An overview of utilitarian ethics will be discussed, focused primarily around 17th century philosopher Jeremy Bentham’s ideas about ethics. His framework will be used to present factors that influence the transistor company’s business decision. Finally, the Utility Test and Common Good Test will be applied to the company’s predicament to help determine the correct ethical course of action for this situationRead More Classical Theory: Cesane Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham1626 Words   |  7 Pagesand for theses reasons, have different methods of advocating and eliminating crime. This essay will firstly explore the views of Classical Theory, by looking at Cesane Beccaria, the father of Classical theory and Jeremy Bentham, the founder of Utilitarian and explore how there influences are incorporated into laws and regulations, around the world. Secondly, Positivism theory explores the biological, psychological and environment understanding of what causes the crime, thus having a different understandRead MoreThe Theory Of Utilitarianism By John Stuart Mill1659 Words   |  7 Pagesis as simple as whether the resolution causes more pain or pleasure. This type of lifestyle decision making represents the theory of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is a theory, in the simplest form of choosing pleasure over pain, established by Jeremy Bentham and further developed with other philosophers, most notably by John Stuart Mill. The use of utility obtains calculated values from multiple circumstances, ranging from the intensity to the extent of pain and pleasure that becomes involved withinRead MorePositivism : The Ruling Theory Of Law944 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Hobbes (1588-1679), Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), John Austin (1790-1859) and HLA Hart (190 7-1992). Philosopher Ronald Dworkin once described legal positivism as the ruling theory of law. Since the time of Bentham and Austin legal positivism was the dominant theory and was held by most legal scholars in one way or another and was also the working theory of most legal practitioner’s. Although recognized as a dominating jurisprudential theory with considerable influence on the writings of manyRead MoreMorals, Ethics, And Modern Thinking Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pagestoday. UTILITARIAN and KANTIAN ETHICS Classical Utilitarian thinkers like Jeremy Bentham, an act utilitarian, and John Stuart Mill, more of a duty utilitarian, thought that Utilitarianism defines an act as morally right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people. This is the principle that â€Å"it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong† (Driver). Bentham defined the â€Å"fundamental axiom† of his philosophy as the â€Å"greatest happinessRead MoreThe Concepts of Law, Authority and Justice Essays1187 Words   |  5 Pagespossess any absolute qualities. Some people may think that law and morality are the same thing, but they would be incorrect, however there is undeniably a link between the two; the morality of a society, or it ‘mores’ have a strong influence on the laws that are drawn up. There re three main ways in which philosophy sees the relationship between morality and law, these are legal positivism, natural moral law and the interpretive approach. Authority on the other hand isRead MoreThe War Of The Golden Stool887 Words   |  4 PagesThis intervention was a major reference to Russia’s influence and power at the time and how the power has shifted from Russia to other countries over centuries. How smaller countries at the time such as the start of the United States could revolt over a superpower like Great Britain. This important to understand because of the transition of power that we may see in our near future. As China starts to rise through the ladder of power and influence, this may bring a major challenger to the field. ByRead MoreThe Theory Of The Panopticon1433 Words   |  6 Pageshave become reliant to fast a paced platform. Michel Foucault, 20th century French philosopher and social theorist, fully developed the theory of the panopticon, created by English philosopher and social theorist Jeremy Bentham in the late 18th century. The panopticon, described by Bentham, is a prison structure where there are three walls constructed around the prisoner leaving an empty space where a fourth wall would normally be. The entire structure is usually in a circle, the prisoner knows that

My First Prom free essay sample

â€Å"Do not decide something too fast; otherwise you will regret it in most of the time.† This is what my father told me when I was young. In May 2, I went to window shop a beautiful dress in Siam square for my first prom party with my friend. We walked for 5 hours already, were so tired that our shirts stack on our body; we did not even have power to have a funny friendly conversation. We were like robots which were only moving to find beautiful dresses. When our laziness was on the peek, we found one shop which hung many dresses on the wall. We ran into the shop, and found a dress which looks better than any other one we saw. The dress color was pink, which I really like, and the shape also was similar to what I wanted. I immediately bought the dress; even we were not planning to buy it that day, we said thanks to the worker, and walked back to the BTS station with smiling face. We will write a custom essay sample on My First Prom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I went back home, my friends showed me their dresses. I started to feel like something is wrong. Is my dress look cheap? Is my dress too ordinary? Or is my dress matched with me? Those questions were going around my brain for whole day. It was because that prom was the first prom in my life; I really wanted to look beautiful. I was too much caring about my looking. About two weeks later, I got to go to Siam square again with my same friend to buy accessories and heels for the prom. We walked the same place again and found a shop which we did not see on the dress choosing day. We looked each other’s face first, and decided to go in there. We could not say any simple word when we saw the dresses inside of the shop. There were full of brilliant dresses. I tried one, which my friend recommended me, and it was simply awesome. Color was perfectly beautiful pink; the shape was exactly what I wanted, and the price was way cheaper than the one I bought. My excitement for the prom was diminished. On June 2, I went to prom without having any confidence on myself. I could see many people with fabulous dresses. I could not stop thinking about the pinky cutie dress. From this experience, I learned what my father said was correct. I should have been more careful than before. Each time when I look at my dress in wardroom, I remember the stupid decision that I made by being too hurried.

A Cure For The Ongoing Epidemic Professor Ramos Blog

A Cure For The Ongoing Epidemic Figure 1 Homelessness is an ever-growing issue worldwide.   It affects a broad range of diverse individuals.   Homelessness can lead to or be caused by addiction, abuse, poverty, and imprisonment.   As a result, it is important to find and implement solutions to diminish the consequences of homelessness.   There are many solutions that would make a major impact in the homeless crisis.   These solutions include, rapid re-housing, permanent supportive housing, shelters and transitional housing, increasing income and employment opportunities, and preventing homelessness (National Alliance to End Homelessness (NAEH)).   Although these solutions are incredibly impactful to ending homelessness, the most effective, and the solution that incorporates almost all other solutions, would be fixing the problem of unaffordable housing.   In California alone, there are currently 129,921 homeless people one any given night (NAEH). According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, the lack of affordable housing and low income is the prime cause of homelessness in America. Some other major causes of homelessness are health issues, survivors of domestic violence who are trying to escape their abuser, and minority groups who experience racial inequality (NAEH). The issue of homelessness may seem daunting and impossible to fix but there are many solutions that could at least improve homelessness. Some of the other leading causes are financial instability due to low income, lack of affordable health care, domestic abuse, mental illness, and addiction (National Coalition for the Homeless). Financial instability can be caused not only by a lack of employment opportunities but also by most of the aforementioned causes, such as addiction.   Healthcare is a big issue, since quality insurance is most often very pricey.   For example, one vial of insulin costs $250 without insurance (Tsai).   Combine that with the price of needles, cleaning materials, the cost of health insurance, living expenses, car payments and insurance, gas money, a family to feed, and all to pay for with a low-income job.   Domestic abuse, whether it be from parents, spouses, or guardians, drives people to run away.   This especially puts teens at risk for homelessness.   Ã‚  Mental illness can make it hard to keep jobs, thus leading to financial instability, which then can lead to homelessness.   And finally, addiction takes over an individual’s life and goals.   Being addicted to a substance makes it incredibly difficult to hold a job, provide for family members, pay bills, eat, and can also create mental and physical health issues. So, let’s talk about how housing would be one of the major solutions for nearly all of these issues.   Alpha Project’s â€Å"rapid re-housing† program connects people to a home and services, such as rental assistance and security deposits (Alpha Project), swiftly through providing short-length rental help and services (NAEH).   Rapid re-housing helps people get housing quickly, promotes self-sufficiency, and ultimately keep people housed.   It is also less expensive than shelters and transitional housing.   â€Å"Rapid re-housing assistance is offered without preconditions - like employment, income, absence of criminal record, or sobriety - and the resources and services provided are tailored to the unique needs of the household† (United States Interagency Council on Homelessness). Research has shown that people who have been beneficiaries of rapid re-housing are homeless for shorter lengths of time (NAEH). â€Å"The Department of Housing and Urban Development indicates the effectiveness of the Housing First model to aid the problem of homelessness, which emphasizes rapidly rehousing the homeless† (Dittmeier et al. 449). The enactment of rapid-rehousing is founded on the evidence that supports that families and people who spend more time in permanent housing have better outcomes (NAEH). Other types of housing that is beneficial to the homeless are shelters and transitional homes. However, there is usually limited space in these institutions. Depending on the situation and the individual, there are five different levels of assistance for rapid re-housing. Levels can be determined using the National Alliance to End Homelessness Center for Capacity Building’s Rapid Re-Housing Triage Tool. Level One is for households who require minimal support to get and keep housing. Level Two is for households who require routine assistance. Level Three is for households who require longer time periods and/or more concentrated assistance. Level Four is for households who require longer time periods of assistance and intensive assistance. Finally, Level Five is for households who require longer time periods of assistance, more rigorous services, and staff with more professional training. The second tier of the housing solution is permanent supportive housing, particularly for the extremely vulnerable. It combines housing with supportive services and case management (NAEH). The services help build tenancy and independent living skills and link people with community-based health care, treatment and employment services (NAEH). Since 2007, permanent housing has helped decrease chronic homelessness by 26% (NAEH). Permanent supportive housing is a largely supported as a vital resource to avert unneeded institutional stays and helps people with disabilities have stable lives within the community (Signer 18). Investing in permanent housing programs makes a great impact in improving and ending chronic homelessness. The next solution for ending homelessness is increasing employment and income. This can be done in many ways. For example, creating more jobs, raising minimum wage, income support programs such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and unemployment compensation (NAEH). TANF is incredibly useful for families struggling financially. However, people need to be educated on how to use such services. The Workforce Investment and Opportunity Act (WIOA) is an effort to help under-skilled entry-level workers through funding subsidized employment and programs (NAEH). Some cities, for example, Fortworth, Texas, have gotten creative with their solution for the issue of available employment opportunities by having homeless individuals clean up the streets in exchange for payment or housing. This not only helps increase money for homeless people and also raises incentive to clean streets and keep their jobs, but also positively effects the community and environment of the earth we all live on. In the words of Asa Don Brown, â€Å"Homelessness is not a choice, but rather a journey that many find themselves in.† When you think of the homeless families, teenagers, children, women, men, humans- think if you were any one of them. Wouldn’t you want someone to take a chance on you to help you get back on your feet? Works Cited Dittmeier, Kerry, et al. â€Å"Perceptions of Homelessness: Do Generational Age Groups and Gender Matter?† College Student Journal, vol. 52, no. 4, Winter 2018, pp. 441-451. EBSCOhost. Figure 1: Sandie. â€Å"Homeless in Southern Utah- Pretty Sad.† Homeless in Southern Utah- Pretty Sad, 20 Feb. 2011, 63angel.blogspot.com/2011/02/homeless-in-southern-utah-pretty-sad.html. Guarnieri, Grace. â€Å"This Texas City Is One of Several across the Nation to Employ the Homeless and Clean up Litter on the Streets.†Newsweek, 21 Jan. 2018, â€Å"Home.†Alpha Project Serving the Homeless of San Diego, alphaproject.org/programs/rapid-rehousing. â€Å"Homelessness in America.†National Coalition for the Homeless, nationalhomeless.org/about-homelessness/. â€Å"Homelessness Quotes (153 Quotes).† Goodreads, Goodreads, goodreads.com/quotes/tag/homelessness. Peabody, Zanto. â€Å"First-Person Stories of Homelessness.†Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles Times, 12 Oct. 1999, www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-oct-12-me-21378-story.html. Signer, Mira E. â€Å"The Case for Permanent Supportive Housing for Persons with Serious Mental Illness: Improved Lives, Reduced Costs, and Compliance with Federal Law.†Developments in Mental Health Law, vol. 35, no. 4, Winter 2016, pp. 17–23.EBSCOhost â€Å"Solutions.†National Alliance to End Homelessness, endhomelessness.org/ending-homelessness/solutions/. Szeintuch, Shmulik. â€Å"Homelessness Prevention Policy: A Case Study.† Social Policy Administration, vol. 51, no. 7, Dec. 2017, pp. 1135-1155. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/spol.12228. Tsai, Allison. â€Å"The Rising Cost of Insulin.†Diabetes Forecast, diabetesforecast.org/2016/mar-apr/rising-costs-insulin.html. Yousey, Amelia, and Rhucha Samudra. â€Å"Defining Homelessness in the Rural United States.† Online Journal of Rural Research Policy, vol. 13, no. 4, Oct. 2018, pp. 1-24. EBSCOhost, doi:10.4148/1936-0487.1094.

buy custom Critical Opinion of Shakespeare essay

buy custom Critical Opinion of Shakespeare essay Shakespeares work has bee credited for many centuries to modern times. He was described as a genius writer as his work is being used in literature studies. There have been many critics of his work due to his excellence and the way he corrupted words in his writing. There has been works by scholars that critically discuss Shakespeare, his work, and his identity. From the historic to the modern times, Shakespeare has been condemned as much as he is loved and admired. There are many issues relating to Shakespeare, which have continued to interest his audience, and thus a call for the attention of critics. The most controversial issue was the manner in which Shakespeare mixed humor with tragedy. This not only failed to bring out the unity of place and time, but also failed to reach the standards and rules of a classical drama according to critics. The critics also claimed that Shakespeares false wit had corrupted language used in the classic drama. This paper intends to explain the work of Shakespeare in relation to quotations from the different sites to support the discussion about his life of literal work. There are some philosophers that do not agree as Samuel Johnson to the fact his critics were raising. He disagreed that Shakespeare had not adhered to the rules of classical drama. His Critics from the 18th century accused him of having a restraint on artistic work, while others praised him for his unique imagination (Hanon 512). The quotation in this instance by which Richard III tells his troops Remember who you are to cope withal; A sort of vagabonds, rascals and run always; A sacrum of Britains and base lackey peasants; Whom their oercloyed Country vomits forth; To desperate adventures and assured destruction (V.iii 315 319). Many critics noticed and observed that Richer III was full of curses, prophesies, and oaths. The critics argued that when Richard swore as a warrior of his succes, it was only a false oath that had false prophesies and curses. This meant that Richards character was questioned by most critics, although there were other people who defended Richards actions. They suggested that there was enough reason for Richard to act as he did. Critics suggested that the greatest problems with Shakespeare were that people had become too fond of him and could not see beyond the thesis and the characters in the classical play. It was interesting to note that the Richards wickedness did not only withstand against the test of time but also greatly influenced Shakespeare work in many different ways. The history of war was familiar from the historic to the modern times. In that case, some critics had termed Richard as a part of dry history while his defenders termed him as a fascinating part of history who not only joked about his victims, but also joked about himself (Shakespeare 256). In ShakespearesA Midsummer Nights Dream, he made his characters cross to another world of imagination. His focus was mainly on what the fairies did in their daily life, but not how the fairies look like. Puck was one of his favorite characters who helped the other fairies to relax scape the serpents tongue (III, ii, 80 -81). It is in this line, the fairies assured the audience that this was only a pleasant dream by saying, that I have nointed an Athenians eye/ and so far am glad that it so far sort/ as this their jangling I esteem a sport (II, ii 351 -353). Shakespeare uses Pucks character in these lines, to try and help the audience to relax. This is where the critics have insisted that there was very poor character development in the classic play. They have also suggested that the only important character in the play is Puck (Hanon 512). However, other people have defended the play as they sugggested that, though there were few characters in the movie, Shakespeare used Puck to bring out fun-loving humor, magical fancy, evocative language, and wild focus which made the play more interesting and unique. Puck was seen by critics to have been overworked, but loved by others for his subtle but mischievous character. Critics have also accused Shakespeare of character incompetence, while many other people do not mind having one important character as long as the play is interesting, amazing, and humorous. This play has been compared by critics to a follys adventure and an influence on the spirits world. Some critics supposed that the film needed an increase on maturity of the mind in order to become an honored piece of preferred work. Although this was not position held by all critics, other critics suggested that there was no room for maturity in Shakespeares work. However, most people from the historic times to the modern times have loved Shakespeares work and his plays. This has been termed as a combination that is not only extraordinary, but also lucky accidents that blow the audiences breathe away. Shakespeares identity can be read from his work and plays. He was a man who created interesting interventions due to his love of mixing tragedy and humor. Shakespeare also had master skills of predicting and evenly balancing every matter in his work, which related to personal taste. It is obvious that his work was not an act of lucky accident but it took preparation, structure, plot, and mastery to create. The perplexities in his work are a proof of his splendid and harmonious expressions (Harold 522). Analysis of Shakespeare character, identity, and work has been carried through out from the historic time to the present days. He proved to be a creative writer who used imaginations to develop characters that portrayed critical themes. Shakespeare not only affected the literary world through his work, but also left a mark that has and will continue to be remembered in many generations to come. Buy custom Critical Opinion of Shakespeare essay

The Impact of Organizational Ethics on Employee Relations Research Proposal

The Impact of Organizational Ethics on Employee Relations - Research Proposal Example This paper illustrates that the perspective on employer-employee relations has in the past decades undergone a radical transformation This has been contributed by the ever-increasing competition in the business world and organizations increased competitive advantage. The study of the impact of organizational ethics on employee relations is important because an organization survives because of relationships between employers, employees, and other stakeholders. The biggest concern is what would happen if organizational ethics is not practiced, and the possible effect of this. Firstly, according to Goleman, it is necessary to note that workforce in any given organization is essential for the achievement of the organization. In fact, the weak the workforce is, the weak the organization is. Therefore, it can be argued that application of ethics in an organization can affect the employees negatively or positively depend on how it’s applied. In essence, Jurkiewicz and Giacalone noted that when there are unethical acts or conduct within the organization, especially instigated by management to the employees, the implication of this is translated to the customer and other employees, and which may have adverse effects to the performance of the whole organization. The local government system is not exceptional. In regard to the local government system, the system is considered to play a key role in issues pertaining public service ethics. The concern here is what would happen if there no codes of conducts to which, for example, elected councilors are expected to conform. Just like in any other organization, the focus of local government, in this case, is not only about corruption, but rather the misconduct, hospitality, relationship with other officers and any other behavior that would bring any member of the local government into disrepute.

Harvard Business Review Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Harvard Business Review - Coursework Example The study found that 85 percent of the executives did not actively involve themselves with an innovation as they only played a facilitation role. Only 15 percent of the executives did the creative work themselves. The executives who did not delegate the creative work applied five skills that resulted in brilliant and industry changing ideas. The five skills that the study identified are discussed below in detail. The associating skill is an ability that allows the innovative leaders or executives to make a connection between ideas, questions, or problems, which are unrelated. These innovators connect dots of seemingly unrelated occurrences to generate new and creative ideas that can be recombined in new ways. The second discovery skill is questioning. Creative and innovative entrepreneurs challenge the standard method of undertaking processes and wisdom. They ask provocative questions that challenge common ideals and assumptions to understand them and see if better ways can be concocted. Under questioning, the innovative entrepreneurs use different techniques such as embracing constraints, imagining opposites and asked why, what if and why not questions. The observation skill is the third discovery skill that the study by (Jeffrey, Hal & Clayton, 2009) found to be common with the innovative entrepreneurs was observation. The some of the creative executives came up with business ideas, which were conceived through observation. Some of the most useful observations were those made of the potential customers. The innovators were keen on behavioral details that would give insights to a new approach to various things. By experimenting, innovative executives and entrepreneurs were able to test and fine-tune their ideas in order to understand and find new ways of doing a certain task or a certain approach. Not only is experimentation a means of coming up with new ways of